A list of standard words used to identify letters in a message transmitted by radio or telephone. The following are the authorized words, listed in order, for each letter in the alphabet: Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliet, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. [JP 1-02]

A quantum of acoustic energy, the level of which is a function of the frequency of the acoustic wave.
Note: Phonons in acoustics are analogous to photons in electromagnetics. The energy of a phonon is usually less than
0. 1 eV (electron-volt) and thus is one or two orders of magnitude less than that of a photon. When photons and… (Read More →)

Absorption of light energy by its conversion to vibrational energy.
Note: Phonon absorption determines the fundamental, i.e., quantum limit of attenuation, i.e., minimum attenuation, in silica-based glasses in the far infrared region. [After FAA]

In certain materials, the phenomenon that results in photoconductivity.

In certain materials, the increase in electrical conductivity that results from increases in the number of free carriers generated when photons are absorbed.
Note: The photons must have quantum energy sufficient to overcome the band-gap in the material in question.

The current that flows through a photosensitive device, such as a photodiode, as the result of exposure to radiant power.
Note 1: The photocurrent may occur as a result of the photoelectric, photoemissive, or photovoltaic effect.
Note 2: The photocurrent may be enhanced by internal gain caused by interaction among ions and photons under the influence of applied fields, such… (Read More →)

A transducer capable of accepting an optical signal and producing an electrical signal containing the same information as in the optical signal. [2196]
Note: The two main types of semiconductor photodetectors are the photodiode (PD) and the avalanche photodiode (APD).

A semiconductor diode that produces, as a result of the absorption of photons, (a) a photovoltage or (b) free carriers that support the conduction of photocurrent.
Note: Photodiodes are used for the detection of optical communication signals and for the conversion of optical power to electrical power.

In certain materials, the changes in the electrical characteristics caused by photon absorption.

A discrete packet, i.e., quantum, of electromagnetic energy.
Note: The energy of a photon is h, where h is Planck's constant and is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave.