In cryptography, a computed value that results from passing a data value through an irreversible algorithm. [After X9.24]

1. Synonym integrated circuit.
2. In satellite communications systems, the smallest element of data in an encoded signal.
3. The most elemental component of a spread spectrum signal when it is decompressed in time; that is, the longest duration signal in which signal parameters are approximately constant. .
4. In micrographic and display systems, a relatively small and separate piece… (Read More →)

1. The rate of encoding. [NTIA]
2. In direct-sequence-modulation spread-spectrum systems, the rate at which the information signal bits are transmitted as a pseudorandom sequence of chips.
Note: The chip rate is usually several times the information bit rate.

In spread-spectrum systems, the duration of a chip produced by a frequency-hopping signal generator.

1. The rapid changing, as opposed to long-term drifting, of the frequency of an electromagnetic wave.
Note: Chirping is most often observed in pulsed operation of a source.
2. A pulse compression technique that uses (usually linear) frequency modulation during the pulse.

In cryptography, an analytical attack in which a cryptanalyst can submit an unlimited number of plaintext messages and examine the corresponding ciphertext. [2382-pt.8]

In television, nearly instantaneous switching between multiple video signals, based on the state, i.e., phase, of the color (chroma) signal of one, to form a single composite video signal.
Note 1: Chroma keying is used to create an overlay effect in the final picture, e.g., to insert a false background, such as a weather map or scenic view, behind the… (Read More →)

Noise that manifests itself in a video picture as colored snow. [After Silicon]

A commonly used (but redundant) synonym for material dispersion. See dispersion.

See chromaticity diagram.