A telephone in which the operating power is obtained either from a battery located at the telephone, i.e., a local battery, or from a telephone central office, i.e., a common battery.

Deprecated term. See optoelectronic.

Any one of a number of phenomena that occur when an electromagnetic wave in the optical spectrum interacts with an electric field, or with matter under the influence of an electric field. Note 1: Two of the most important electro-optic effects having application as modulation mechanisms in optical communication are the Kerr effect and the Pockels effect, in which birefringence is induced or modified in a liquid (Kerr effect) or solid (Pockels effect). Note 2: The term “electro-optic” is often erroneously used as a synonym for “optoelectronic.”

An optical device in which a signal-controlled element is used to modulate a beam of light. Note 1: The modulation may be imposed on the phase, frequency, amplitude, or direction of the modulated beam. Note 2: Modulation bandwidths into the gigahertz range are possible using laser-controlled modulators.

Intelligence information other than signals intelligence derived from the optical monitoring of the electromagnetic spectrum from ultraviolet (0.01 m) through the far infrared (1000 m). [JP1]

The technology associated with those components, devices and systems which are designed to interact between the electromagnetic (optical) and the electric (electronic) state. [JP1] Note 1: The operation of electro-optic devices depends on modification of the refractive index of a material by electric fields. Note 2: In a Kerr cell, the refractive index change is proportional to the square of the electric field, and the material is usually a liquid. Note 3: In a Pockels cell, the refractive index change varies linearly with the electric field, and the material is a crystal. Note 4: “Electro-optic” is often erroneously used as a synonym for “optoelectronic”.

Acronym for electro-optical intelligence.

Facsimile recording by means of a chemical reaction brought about by the passage of a signal-controlled current through the sensitized portion of the record sheet.

See electrostatic recording.

Nonthermal conversion of electrical energy into light. Note 1: Electroluminescence is distinguished from incandescence, which is a thermal process. Note 2: One example of electroluminescence is the photon emission resulting from electron-hole recombination in a pn junction, as in a light-emitting diode (LED).